Late 17th and 18th centuries marked by the rise of science and culture. There were works on mathematics, physics, astronomy, medicine.
According to topschoolsintheusa, Tbilisi University was founded in 1918. In 1933 the Mathematical Institute was organized. A.M. Ramzadze. The Institute of Physics was established in 1935. In 1930, the USSR’s first mountainous Abastuman Astrophysical Observatory was established. The development of the leading
branches of science led to the creation in 1941 of the Academy of Sciences. The Academy of Sciences of Georgia has more than 6 departments uniting more than 40 scientific institutions. There are 53 scientific societies.
In Georgia in 2001 there were 3,300 general education schools, of which 68 gymnasiums, 38 lyceums; 197 higher educational institutions. The number of students (thousands) in 2001 in day general education schools was 694, of which 535.4 were in gymnasiums, 10.1 in lyceums, 30.0 in secondary specialized educational institutions, and 147.4 in higher educational institutions. Soviet literature is characterized by a demarcation of literary forces and a sharp ideological struggle. Literature achieved great ideological and creative successes in the 1930s. (a cycle of poems by T.Yu. Tabidze and others). Epic poems were written during the Great Patriotic War (S.I. Chikovani, G.V. Tabidze, I.V. Abashidze and others).
Georgian linguistics originated at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. (A. Tsosoreli, I. Marr, I. Javakhishvili).
The main problems developed by Georgian linguists are: the study of the structure and history of the Kartvelian languages, the structure of the mountain, Caucasian languages, the theory of linguistics. The most important centers of linguistics: the Research Institute of Linguistics of the Academy of Sciences of Georgia, the Abkhazian Institute of Language, Literature and History. D.N. Gulia. The earliest monuments of monumental painting on the territory of Georgia adjoin in style to the range of ancient monuments of the Persian East. Then there is a departure from the Hellenistic principles, the image becomes planar.
In the 19th century connection with Western European and Russian art was important. Easel painting – a portrait – is born. At the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. the works of the primitive painter Niko Pirosmanishvili appear.
In 1923 the Tbilisi Academy of Arts was established. In painting 1920-30s. developed landscape. In sculpture, the portrait took the leading place. During the Great Patriotic War, propaganda graphics were greatly developed. In monumental sculpture – “Mother Georgia” (E.D. Amashnureli).
In 1905, the Georgian Philharmonic Society was established, which staged performances by Russian and Western European composers in the Georgian language. In 1917 a conservatory was opened in Tbilisi. In 1919, the first opera studio was opened in Tbilisi. The symphonic genre becomes the leading one in Georgian music (founder Sh.M. Taktakishvili).
Work in Georgia: Tbilisi Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre. Z. Paliashvili, Tbilisi Musical Comedy Theatre. V. Abashidze, symphony orchestra, a number of pop vocal and instrumental ensembles. There is a conservatory, music colleges and schools.
The first ballet group in Georgia began to form in 1852. Ballets by P.I. Tchaikovsky, A.K. Glazunov and others. In 1936 V.M. Chabukiani staged the first national ballet, and then almost all classical and national ballets. Currently, the Georgian ballerina N. Ananiashvili is shining in the world.
An important role in the development of the Georgian theater was played by the accession of Georgia to Russia. A Russian drama theater was founded in Georgia in 1845, a Georgian professional theater arose in 1850, and then folk theaters appeared. A great contribution to the development of theatrical art was made by V.M. Marjanishvili. In 1939 the Georgian State Theatrical Institute named after M. Sh. Rustaveli. The Georgian Theatrical Society was formed in 1945.
A new stage in the development of Georgian cinema begins with Ser. 50s, the production of films increased, their subject matter expanded.
