Hungary can be divided into three regions, which have different orographic and climatic characters: 1. Alföld; 2. hills of northern Hungary; 3. Pannonia.
The Alföld or “low land”, placed at an average height of 110 m., Occupies the area to the East. of the Tisza up to the foot of the hills of Transylvania, the region between the Danube and Tisza, and also a small area (Mezőföld) between Danube and Balaton. The southernmost and easternmost part is now part of Romania and Yugoslavia. The area located between the Danube and Tisza, which is also called Hungarian Mesopotamia, is mostly occupied by sands, with dunes recently established by man, about forty meters high compared to the two rivers, without a superficial hydrography, so as to form a monotonous platform, often arid and with salt formations (Bugac steppe); elsewhere, however, through the excavation of artesian wells (started from 1866) it was possible to find water at a shallow depth, transforming these sterile areas into delightful orchards (Kecskemét steppe). Less uniform is the area to the East. of the Tibisco, where different aspects can be distinguished. The corner of NE. it is an alluvial platform (Bodrogköz) once marshy, now fertile and cultivated. To the south follows the Nyírség (country of birches), a vast sandy region intensively cultivated with N. potatoes, in the center with tobacco, S. with rye. The Bugac steppe is matched here by that of Hortobágy, where pastoral life is preserved in its traditional aspects. The rest of the region between Körös and Tisza and between Körös and Maros, with abandoned river beds, dead meanders, partially demolished manure cones, floods, löss deposits, is intensively cultivated with grain. For other news see. del Tibisco, where different aspects can be distinguished. The corner of NE. it is an alluvial platform (Bodrogköz) once marshy, now fertile and cultivated. To the south follows the Nyírség (country of birches), a vast sandy region intensely cultivated with N. potatoes, in the center with tobacco, S. with rye. The Bugac steppe is matched here by that of Hortobágy, where pastoral life is preserved in its traditional aspects. The remaining region between Körös and Tisza and between Körös and Maros, with abandoned river beds, dead meanders, partially demolished dejection cones, floods, löss deposits, is intensively cultivated with grain. For other news see. del Tibisco, where different aspects can be distinguished. The corner of NE. it is an alluvial platform (Bodrogköz) once marshy, now fertile and cultivated. To the south follows the Nyírség (country of birches), a vast sandy region intensely cultivated with N. potatoes, in the center with tobacco, S. with rye. The Bugac steppe is matched here by that of Hortobágy, where pastoral life is preserved in its traditional aspects. The remaining region between Körös and Tisza and between Körös and Maros, with abandoned river beds, dead meanders, partially demolished dejection cones, floods, löss deposits, is intensively cultivated with grain. For other news see. To the south follows the Nyírség (country of birches), a vast sandy region intensely cultivated with N. potatoes, in the center with tobacco, S. with rye. The Bugac steppe is matched here by that of Hortobágy, where pastoral life is preserved in its traditional aspects. The remaining region between Körös and Tisza and between Körös and Maros, with abandoned river beds, dead meanders, partially demolished dejection cones, floods, löss deposits, is intensively cultivated with grain. For other news see. To the south follows the Nyírség (country of birches), a vast sandy region intensely cultivated with N. potatoes, in the center with tobacco, S. with rye. The Bugac steppe is matched here by that of Hortobágy, where pastoral life is preserved in its traditional aspects. The remaining region between Körös and Tisza and between Körös and Maros, with abandoned river beds, dead meanders, partially demolished dejection cones, floods, löss deposits, is intensively cultivated with grain. For other news see. partly demolished dejection cones, floods, löss deposits, it is intensively cultivated with wheat. For other news see. partly demolished dejection cones, floods, löss deposits, it is intensively cultivated with wheat. For other news see.alföld.
All the northern part of today’s Hungary between the Danube and Tisza is occupied by some reliefs that the Hungarians designate as a whole with the name of Felföld, that is “high land”. This foothill Carpathian area is made up of groups of hills, separated by valleys crossed by important railway lines, with a prevalence now of volcanic rocks (from the Miocene), now of limestone rocks. The NW corner, between the curve of the Danube and the Ipoly, is occupied by the hills of Börszsöny (m. 939), by the limestone mounds of Cserhát and Karancs (m. 727); the whole forms a less animated landscape, which the high Zagyva valley (tributary of the Tisza) separates from the trachytic group of Mátra, where it is the highest elevation in today’s Hungary (1017 m); it is heavily wooded and secondary volcanic manifestations still exist, while good coal is obtained on the northern side. The valleys of Tarna and Eger separate the Mátra from the limestone group of Bükk, slightly lower (957 m), which presents many karst phenomena. The southern part of the Tokaj-Eperies (Prešov) ridge still belongs to Hungary, between Hernád and Bodrog, formed by powerful volcanic flows, then transformed into soft hills, well cultivated. For Hungary 1997, please check aristmarketing.com.
Pannonia (ungh. Dunántúl “Oltredanubio”; German. Transdanubien) forms the hilly region located between the Drava, the Danube, and the last hills of the Alpine system (Irottkö, m. 883), which, compared to Alföld, looks like a territory of ancient settlement. We can distinguish in N. the Little Alföld, in the center the Selva Baconia with the hills of Vértes, Gerecse and Pilis, in S. the hills of Mecsek. Of the Piccolo Alföld (10 thousand sq. Km.) Only the south-western part remains in Hungary. Formed where the sediments of the Danube, Rába, Leita, Váh and Nitra flowed into a large lake, on average 138 m high, it constitutes a very important agricultural area, the first that was colonized by the Hungarians at the time of their arrival. in Europe, currently well cultivated with wheat and beets (large estate). At the foot of the Leita Mountains, a more depressed and poorly drained area is occupied by Lake Neusiedl (Hungarian Fertö), of which only the southern part has remained in Hungary. The Baconia Forest (a.k. so as to constitute the stretch of union between the Alpine system and the Carpazî (v.baconia, forest). Separated by the threshold of Mór (m. 200) follow the hills of Vértes (m. 479), formed by limestone and Mesozoic dolomites, continue, in addition to the Tata strait, by the hills of Gerecse (m. 633), a small rocky buttress which descends towards the Danube with a series of terraces. At the elbow of the Danube beyond another narrow are the hills of Pilis (757 m), a mountain much demolished. Finally, the region closest to the Danube and Drava in S. del Balaton, not too populated, consists of a fertile löss platform, superimposed on the layers of pontic sands and clays, flat, sometimes with some dunes. The hills of Mecsek (near Cinquechiese) form an isolated group in the midst of these lands, made up of granite and partly karst limestone, 682 m high.
